Pipe Fittings Explained: Elbows, Tees, Reducers & Flanges

Fittings connect pipes, change direction and adjust sizes. Knowing the basics helps you order correctly the first time.

Elbows

Change the direction of flow, usually 45° or 90°.

Tees

Split or combine flow into a branch line. Available in equal and reducing types.

Reducers

Connect pipes of different sizes. Concentric reducers keep the centre line; eccentric reducers keep one side flat.

Flanges

Allow pipes, valves and equipment to be bolted together and easily removed for maintenance.